Application of Rational Planning Theory in Performance Contracting: Bridging Theory and Practice in Selected Kenyan Public Universities

Abstract

This study examines the application of Rational Planning Theory (RPT) in the implementation of Performance Contracting (PC) within Kenyan public universities. Using a comparative case study approach, it analyzes performance trends between established institutions University of Nairobi, Kenyatta University, and University of Embu and the emerging Turkana University College. Drawing from secondary data (2020–2024), the research integrates quantitative analysis and qualitative thematic evaluation to assess institutional alignment with RPT principles such as evidence-based planning and systematic goal-setting. Findings reveal that while mature universities demonstrate strong alignment with RPT, emerging institutions struggle due to limited resources, weak administrative systems, and contextual volatility. The study argues that RPT's assumption of stable planning environments is misaligned with the realities of newer institutions, thus highlighting the need for context-sensitive, differentiated PC models. It concludes with recommendations for adaptive planning frameworks and tailored performance indicators to enhance PC effectiveness across Kenya's diverse higher education sector.