International Journal of Research in Social Science and Humanities (IJRSS) ISSN:2582-6220, DOI: 10.47505/IJRSS

Project Planning and Performance of Livestock Commercialization Projects in Kenya

Tonny Blair Kimori — 2025-10-07

The performance of livestock commercialization projects plays a critical role in enhancing food security, boosting rural incomes, and driving economic growth in Kenya. Despite the livestock sector’s substantial contribution to livelihoods and agricultural GDP, numerous donor- and government-supported initiatives have faced delays, unmet targets, and limited sustainability. For example, the Smallholder Dairy Commercialization Program did not achieve its household and group objectives, largely due to inadequate planning, logistical inefficiencies, and weak coordination. This study therefore examined the influence of project planning on the performance of livestock commercialization projects, focusing on the Kenya Livestock Commercialization Project (KeLCoP). The study was anchored on transformational leadership theory. A descriptive survey design was adopted, targeting 56 staff members drawn from the Project Management and Coordination Unit (PMCU) and County Project Management and Coordination Units (CPMCUs) across 10 counties. The results revealed a significant relationship between project planning and performance of livestock commercialization projects (r = 0.806, p = 0.000). The coefficient of determination was R²=0.650, hence project planning accounted for 65% variation in project performance. The results establishes that performance of livestock commercialization projects is influenced by project planning. The study concludes that effective and well-coordinated project planning is a key driver of performance in livestock commercialization projects. By shaping how resources, time, and human efforts are managed, planning emerges as a decisive factor in achieving meaningful and sustainable project outcomes. The study recommends that the State Department of Livestock Development and county livestock departments adopt comprehensive and structured planning to enhance efficiency, minimize delays, and improve the performance of commercialization projects.

Prevention and Reduction of Stunting through the use of Village Funds

Trihatsari Dhevi Karunia Putri — 2025-10-07

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of Villages, Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 2023 concerning the Details of Priority Use of Village Funds in efforts to prevent and reduce stunting in Arjowilangun Village, along with the supporting and inhibiting factors. This study uses a qualitative approach with research procedures that produce descriptive data. The research location was in Arjowilangun Village, Kalipare District, Malang Regency. The data sources were primary and secondary data. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this study was the interactive data analysis model from Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014). The results of the study show that the implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of Villages, Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 2023 concerning Details of Priority Use of Village Funds in efforts to prevent and reduce stunting in Arjowilangun Village has been going quite well. The Arjowilangun Village Government has worked according to its commitments and applicable regulations. In addition, it is known that there are factors that support the program's implementation, namely the existence of regulations prioritizing stunting prevention and a capable and transparent implementation team. In contrast, the inhibiting factors are limited budget due to the absorption of Bantuan Langsung Tunai Dana Desa (BLT DD), lack of awareness among the community, and parents of toddlers who work as immigrants.

Lived Experiences of Stakeholders on the Implementation of the PNP Omnipresence Program in Cebu City

Mohamadsamer P. Mamasalagat — 2025-10-07

This qualitative phenomenological study explores the lived experiences of stakeholders regarding the implementation of the Philippine National Police (PNP) Omnipresence Program in Cebu City. The research involved 12 informants, including PNP personnel, Barangay Public Safety Officers (BPSOs), and community residents from four selected police stations. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi’s method.

The study identified eight emergent themes: (1) creation of a happy and supportive community; (2) enhancement of community satisfaction and convenience; (3) experiences of police being tarnished and misjudged; (4) lack of full collaboration and trust from the community; (5) issues of insufficient manpower; (6) lack of logistical support; (7) deterrence of petty crimes; and (8) promotion of a safer community.

Findings reveal that while the program contributes positively to crime deterrence and public safety, it faces significant challenges such as limited resources, community mistrust, and inadequate logistical and manpower support. The study concludes that effective implementation of the PNP Omnipresence Program requires strengthened community collaboration, increased logistical and personnel support, and continuous trust-building efforts between the police and the public.

Counterparty Credit Risk Management and Profitability of Microfinance Banks in Nairobi City, Kenya

Cynthia Naserian Oyie — 2025-10-07

Profitability determines the sustainability of microfinance banks, as it enables them to cover operational costs while ensuring the continued delivery of critical financial services. Regular assessment of profitability enable regulators and stakeholders in detecting emerging risks and making informed strategic decisions aimed at strengthening the sector. Nonetheless, recent trends in Kenya highlight persistent challenges concerning their profitability. The present study examined the influence of counterparty credit risk management on the profitability of microfinance banks. The study was guided by the Merton risk model. Descriptive and inferential methods were employed, with data analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and findings presented in tables. The results demonstrated that counterparty credit risk management was strongly and positively associated with profitability (r = 0.710; p = 0.000). Regression analysis further indicated that counterparty credit risk management explained 50.4% of the variation in profitability, underscoring its central role in improving financial outcomes. The study concluded that effective counterparty credit risk management is vital for sustaining profitability in microfinance banks, as it mitigates financial shocks, protects income streams, and strengthens institutional resilience. It was recommended that microfinance banks enhance their credit evaluation processes to reduce vulnerabilities. They should also embrace diversification and risk-conscious investment strategies that align returns with exposure levels, thereby fostering stable and sustainable profitability over time.

Implementation of the Program Keluarga Harapan Policy in Tulungagung Regency, Indonesia

Iqnabella Riandini Sitra — 2025-10-07

Program Keluarga Harapan, hereinafter referred to as (PKH), is a program of the Indonesian Ministry of Social Affairs RI that provides conditional social assistance to Poor Families (KM) designated as PKH Beneficiary Families (KPM). This program provides conditional social assistance to KPM. However, in reality, the social assistance that should be used by the underprivileged to meet their needs is instead used by other family members to meet their daily needs. This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the Family Hope Program based on Regent Regulation No. 15 of 2023 concerning Direct Cash Assistance for the Family Hope Program in Sukorejo Kulon Village, Tulungagung District. This research is descriptive qualitative with a policy implementation model using Merille S. Grindle's Public Policy Implementation theory, which is determined by the content of the policy and its implementation context. The basic idea is that the policy implementation is carried out after the policy is transformed. Its success is determined by the degree of implementability of the policy. The objectives of this study are to 1) analyze poverty alleviation policies through the Family Hope Program in Sukorejo Kulon Village, Kalidawir Subdistrict, Tulungagung Regency. 2. To identify and analyze the obstacles/constraints in the implementation of the Family Hope Program in Sukorejo Kulon Village, Tulungagung Regency, the technical data analysis uses three components, namely 1) reducing data by summarizing or selecting key points from the data obtained, 2) presenting the reduced data in the form of a brief description, and 3) drawing conclusions after presenting the data. Then, to test the validity of the data, the author used triangulation by using different data collection techniques to obtain data from the same source.

Tactical Portfolio Adjustments and Profitability of Member Firms of the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya

Emmanuel Taine Senteu — 2025-10-07

Tactical portfolio adjustments within the Portfolio hedging aims to reduce the risks linked to market volatility, safeguarding investments from potential losses. It enables firms to maintain a well-balanced portfolio by employing strategies that offset unfavorable price movements in specific assets or market segments. As a result, the profitability of brokerage firms depends on how effectively they manage these risks. Member firms of the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) are essential in enabling securities trading within Kenya's capital markets. However, despite their important role in the country’s financial sector, challenges in managing portfolio risks have impeded their growth. The current study was undertaken to assess the effect of tactical portfolio adjustments on profitability of member firms of the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study was anchored on modern portfolio theory. A descriptive research design was adopted to systematically capture and analyze the phenomenon. The target population comprised member firms of the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analysis was aided by SPSS. The study utilized both descriptive and inferential methods for data analysis. The results revealed that tactical portfolio adjustments (r = 0.735, p = 0.000) had strong and positive relationships with profitability. The coefficient of determination was (R² = 0.540), indicating that tactical portfolio adjustments explained 54% of the variation in profitability. This demonstrates that profitability is to a great extent determined by tactical portfolio adjustments. The study concludes that tactical portfolio adjustments play a central role in stabilizing earnings and enhancing financial resilience among firms at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. It is recommended that member firms of the Nairobi Securities Exchange deepen the integration of portfolio hedging into their investment strategies to balance risks with sustainable returns and profitability.

Stakeholder Involvement at Project Identification and Performance of Agricultural Projects in Kenya

Ruth Wambui Mbugua — 2025-10-07

Stakeholder involvement during the project identification phase is a critical element of effective project management. While agriculture remains the backbone of Kenya’s economy, the performance of agricultural projects continues to face significant challenges, including delays, cost overruns, weak coordination, and inadequate stakeholder participation, despite considerable investments. About 40% of these projects are completed on time, with many exceeding budget estimates and suffering inefficiencies largely due to minimal stakeholder engagement beyond the identification stage. The current research examined the influence of stakeholder involvement during project identification phase on the performance of agricultural projects in Kenya. The study was guided by stakeholder theory. A descriptive survey design was adopted, targeting 115 staff members from the project coordinating units, alongside five purposively selected farmer groups. Data were collected through structured questionnaire. The findings established a significant relationship between stakeholder involvement at the project identification and performance of agricultural projects (r = 0.711, p = 0.000). As per regression analysis results, the beta coefficient ?=0.585, t-value t=10.006 with p=0.000 indicate a significant relationship. Therefore, the performance of agricultural projects was influenced by stakeholder involvement during project identification. The study concluded effective engagement of stakeholders enhances the transparency and significantly boosts the performance of projects. It is recommended that that policymakers and project managers embed participatory structures, incorporate stakeholder perspectives to fortify accountability and embrace flexible management approaches that drive improved project performance.

Representing Victorian Britain: Moroccan Ambassadorial Occidentalism in the Nineteenth Century

Salaheddine Bekkaoui — 2025-10-07

This article examines Ibn Idris Jaaydi’s travelogue, Ithaf al-Akhyar bi-Ghara?ib al-Akhbar (1876), as a pivotal instance of Moroccan Occidentalism focused on Victorian Britain. Combining ceremonial politics, gendered perception, and technological inquiry, the London chapters reveal how sovereignty was staged while being translated into a Moroccan idiom of honour that magnified Sultan Moulay Hassan. Jaaydi’s ethnographic eye extends from transport, prisons, and the Mint to the Crystal Palace and Woolwich arsenal, where he measures, times, and explains, adopting a documentary tone that registers British civilizational and military superiority without surrender. His portrayals of English women—at elite salons, theatres, circuses, and Madame Tussaud’s—oscillate between admiration and moral containment, casting women as key indices of modern urban life and of Islamic norms of modesty. The article situates Ithaf within earlier rihla traditions (al-Fasi, al-?Amrawi) and broader debates on Arab perceptions of European secularism (Abu-Lughod), arguing that Jaaydi acknowledges Britain’s civilizational and military power yet contains it within Islamic-Moroccan categories. His text exemplifies a late-nineteenth-century “confidence effect”: an Occidentalism that frames European modernity less as a threat than as a theatre of foreign marvels that could be observed, catalogued, selectively appropriated, and translated for the edification and entertainment of a Moroccan readership eager to encounter Europe on its own terms.

Trust in the Philippine Government: A Study on Public Perceptions of Poverty

Tricia Ompoc — 2025-10-07

This study probes the climate change awareness of non-science college students and instructors, carefully considering important gaps in comprehension relating to the causes, impacts, and solutions to climate change. Through cultivating a targeted educational pamphlet, the research aims to enhance understanding and involvement with Sustainable Development Goal 13. Employing a mixed-methods approach consisting of preliminary surveys to gauge baseline knowledge and pilot testing of the pamphlet among non-science participants. The outcomes pointed to an overall lack of comprehension of climate change, particularly concerning its driving forces and renewable energy alternatives. The pilot examination demonstrated that the pamphlet effectively conveyed key climate concepts, receiving extremely positive feedback on substance, readability, involvement, and style from both participants and a climate change expert. Revisions based on expert recommendations further enhanced the pamphlet’s accessibility and appeal. The findings underscore the necessity to incorporate climate change education into non-science disciplines, advocating for cross-disciplinary collaboration to foster climate literacy and promote informed communal action towards SDG 13. Recommendations for broader distribution, ongoing assessment, and integrating climate education across curricula are put forth to facilitate a more comprehensive grasp and proactive response to climate change among non-science stakeholders.

Importance of Electronic Banking Operations and Deposit Money Banks’ Performance: A Study of Polaris Bank Limited, Lagos

Aliu. Fatai Oguntade — 2025-10-07

This paper investigates the importance of electronic banking technologies and their applications to enhance better delivery of banking services by the deposit money banks in Lagos State, Nigeria. All Nigerian banks have invested heavily in sophisticated computer soft and hardware facilities with the ultimate aim to deliver efficient and effective services to their numerous customers. The study investigates how various electronic channels and computer applications are being used to carry out different banking operations to render superior services to delight their customers.

The study employed survey research design and two hundred and forty-two (242) copies of research instruments were administered to the staff of Polaris Bank made up of senior, middle level and junior staff of the institution. The response rate was 214 which represents 88.4% of the instruments distributed. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyse the data.

The result of the multiple regression analysis showed that electronic banking has a significant effect on customer satisfaction (? = 0.665, t = 12.955, p<0.05), electronic payment has a significant effect on sales growth (? = 0.709, t = 7.125, p<0.05) and electronic marketing has a significant effect market share of Polaris bank (? = 0.156, t = 2.991, p<0.05).

The study concluded that electronic banking operations have a positive effect on deposit money banks performance.

It is recommended that for banks to enhance their performance, they need to invest in acquisition of modern technologies to drive their operations to enable them render seamless transactions processing on continuous basis. Such application of appropriate technologies wold also improve the quality of overall service and its positive multiplier effects on the overall development of financial institutions in the country.

Comparison of farming productivity on economic well-being between households using conventional and indigenous farming methods in the Midlands of Embu County in Kenya

Mwenga Miriam Ngina — 2025-10-07

Agriculture is vital to Kenya’s economy, supporting over 80% of rural residents, contributing one-third of GDP, and supplying 65% of export earnings. Despite international and national efforts to promote conventional and sustainable farming, global food insecurity has worsened, with acute hunger rising by 10% to affect 343 million people in 74 countries. Industrial-scale, high-yield agriculture has often destabilized sustainability, causing environmental harm, social inequality, chronic diseases, and increased food insecurity. With the global population expected to reach 10.4 billion by the 2080s, transforming agri-food systems is crucial for resilient food security, environmental resiliency and economic stability. The reliance on rain-fed agriculture at the Midlands of Embu County highlights the need to compare conventional and indigenous farming productivity to better understand their effect on economic well-being. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of farming productivity on economic well-being between conventional and Indigenous farm households at the midlands of Embu County in Kenya. The study adopted the comparative research design and descriptive survey design. The study population comprised of 66,878 farmer households and key informants in the Midlands of Embu County in Kenya. A sample size of 384 was drawn from the farm households according to the Cochran formula. Stratified random sampling, Purposive and systematic random sampling techniques were used. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires, interview schedule and observation check lists. A pilot test of the research instruments was conducted on 36 respondents from Evurori, Kirimari and Gachoka wards were a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.965 was obtained showing high level reliability of the research instruments. The data was then analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to summarize results on respondents’ responses on the effect of the farm productivity on economic well-being. T-test was used to compare the productivity of indigenous and conventional farming methods while simple linear regression was used to establish the relationships between farm productivity and house hold economic well-being. The simple linear regression on farm Productivity (FP) indicated a significant negative effect on Income Total, with p = .001 for the indigenous farming practices with R² = 0.060 while for conventional farming the results revealed a statistically significant relationship between the two variables with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.152 and an R-squared value of 0.023. The study recommends implementation of policies that promote sustainable farming, protect small scale farmers and encourage biodiversity conservation. The results obtained will guide adoption of sustainable farming practices, policy reviews and add to the existing knowledge of research.

Role of Folk Performing Arts in Promoting Cultural Preservation and Empowerment in Bodo Society

Lucas Narzari — 2025-10-07

The Bodo people are a tribal group that has been around for a long time and has a rich culture. They live in Northeast India. The Bodo people keep their culture alive and give them power through folk performing arts. Like other cultures around the world, the Bodos have three types of folk performing arts: folk dance, folk music, and folk drama. Most of these have to do with the time of year, farming, and religion. The Kherai is the most important religious event for the Bodos. It involves special rites and rituals, and Doudini plays a key role in them. Doudini performs many dances to beautiful music. Along with the Kherai, Garza is also worshipped. On the other hand, there is a type of secular folk drama that has been passed down from generation to generation. Thakhrifalla, Khemtha, Phuthula phala, Jatra Gaan, and Ek Thengiya are some of these. This paper investigate about how folk performing arts can help keep Bodo culture alive and give people more power. It talks about how these art forms are important to culture and history, how they affect the community, and the problems that come up when trying to keep them alive and promote them. The paper also discuss about how folk performing arts could boost the economy and offers suggestions for how to keep these art forms alive and well for future generations.

Democracy and Inclusive Development in India

Gopal Prasad — 2025-10-07

This paper analyses the complex relationship between democracy and inclusive development in India. As the world's largest democracy, India has observed consequential economic development over the past few decades. Nevertheless, this development has not always been inclusive. Marginalized groups, such as rural populations, women, Scheduled Castes and Tribes, and economically weaker sections, have many times been left out of the benefits of this development. This paper claims that while democracy may be an important tool for ensuring inclusive development, it is not sufficient in itself. An effective democracy requires strong institutions, accountable governance, and active citizen participation. In India, government interventions such as the electoral process, decentralization (Panchayati Raj), and social security schemes have helped promote inclusiveness. Nevertheless, despite these toil, inequality and social exclusion remain major challenges. This paper highlights the pervasive discrepancies in access to knowledge, health, and business chance. It concludes that economic policies alone are not enough for inclusive growth, but that a focus on social justice and political empowerment is also essential. Economic development but also ensures equal opportunities and a dignified life for all citizens.

Customized Training Practices and Job Performance at County Government of Nakuru, Kenya

Ngina Kioko — 2025-10-07

County governments in Kenya continue to experience persistent challenges in job performance within a dynamic and evolving administrative environment. Despite various initiatives aimed at improving public service delivery, operational inefficiencies remain a major concern, reducing both productivity and service quality. As a result, widespread administrative weaknesses continue to hinder effective job performance across the devolved units. The current study assessed the effect of customized training practices and job performance at county government of Nakuru, Kenya. The study was anchored on human capital theory. A descriptive research design was used. The target population included the 49 human resource officers working in various departments at County Government of Nakuru. A structured questionnaire was used in data collection. Both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were employed in data analysis. The Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) aided in the data analysis, and results were presented in tables. The study found positive and statistically significant relationships between customized training practices and job performance (r = 0.586; p = 0.000). The regression analysis showed that the coefficient of determination was R² = 0.343, meaning 34.3% of the variation in job performance was explained by these practices. There was a significant effect (t = 4.517; p = 0.000<0.05), implying that customized training practices influence the job performance at the County Government of Nakuru. The study concludes that customized training significantly enhances job performance by aligning learning with specific job roles, fostering technical competence, accountability, and innovation within the county workforce. It is therefore recommended that the County Government of Nakuru adopt a structured training policy guided by regular needs assessments to ensure continuous, evidence-based skill development aligned with departmental and organizational priorities.

Continuous adaptation and Performance of Information Technology Projects of Tier one Commercial Banks in Kenya

Esther Muthaiga — 2025-10-07

The effective execution of information technology (IT) projects is crucial for sustaining a competitive advantage in Kenya’s rapidly evolving banking sector. Despite this importance, many IT projects in commercial banks often fail to meet their intended performance goals due. Moreover, there has been little emphasis on flexibility and adaptation, which are essential for ensuring responsiveness to dynamic technological and market changes. Therefore, the current research examined the continuous adaptation and its effect on performance of information technology projects in tier one banks in Kenya. The study was anchored on theory of agile project management. The study adopted an explanatory research design. The target population was the eight Tier-1 commercial banks, which formed the unit of analysis. The unit of observation comprised the 128 individuals involved in execution and management of IT projects. Data was collected through structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The results showed that the correlation coefficient was (r = 0.664; p=0.000). The regression analysis revealed an R² value of 0.441, indicating that approximately 44.1% of the variation in project performance was explained by continuous adaptation. These findings imply that continuous adaptation affect the performance of information technology projects in tier-one banks. The study concludes that continuous adaptation is vital for enhancing the resilience and overall performance of information technology projects by promoting agility and responsiveness to dynamic operational environments. The study recommends that tier-one banks strengthen their agile project management approaches by institutionalizing adaptive practices that enable timely alignment of project strategies with emerging technological and regulatory changes to improve performance.

Real Estate Investment Trusts and Financial Performance of Life Insurance Companies in Nairobi County, Kenya

Joseph Wairagu Mumbi — 2025-10-07

Life insurance companies in Kenya are experiencing challenges in financial performance, characterized by low profitability despite increasing premium inflows. Although revenues have grown, many insurers continue to incur underwriting losses. Additionally, profit margins are being suppressed by a continuous decline in return on assets, signaling inefficiencies in capital utilization and weak returns from investment portfolios. The present study sought to establish the effect of portfolio diversification through real estate investment trusts on financial performance of life insurance companies. A causal research design was used. The target population was the 23 life insurance companies. From each company, the finance officers, risk and compliance officers, actuaries, and underwriters will be involved in the study. This means 4 respondents from each company, hence a total of 92 respondents. A questionnaire was used to gather primary data. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were employed in this study. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings were presented in tables. The results revealed a significant relationship between real estate investment trusts and financial performance (r = 0.394). Regression analysis further showed that real estate investment trusts accounted for 15.5% of the variation in financial performance (R² = 0.155). It was concluded that real estate investment trusts substantially strengthen financial outcomes by balancing risk, liquidity, and growth. It is therefore recommended that life insurance companies to focus more on capital allocation to real estate investment trusts to improve financial performance.

Does Economic Growth Equate Prosperity in Nigeria? An Analysis of Income Inequality in Nigeria's Emerging Economy

Nnenna Ochulor — 2025-10-07

Nigeria, holding the title of Africa's largest economy, embodies a perplexing contradiction as, significant macroeconomic growth coexists with deeply entrenched and escalating income inequality. While international headlines often spotlight the country's burgeoning tech hubs in Lagos and a vibrant services sector, this narrative of an "emerging economy" obscures a more troubling reality. Realistically, the fruits of this growth are concentrated in the hands of a minority, leaving hundreds of millions impoverished. This paper investigates this disconnect, by probing the intricate relationship between Nigeria's economic expansion and its stark income disparities. By employing a mixed-methods approach that analyses secondary data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and the World Bank (2010-2022) alongside a review of contemporary literature, this study uncovers a persistent pattern of non-inclusive growth. Our analysis points to several key culprits: a stubborn over-reliance on the volatile oil sector, deep-seated regional disparities, a crisis in educational equity, and the uneven distribution of gains from the digital revolution. The study concludes that Nigeria's current development path is unsustainable. Without a decisive shift towards targeted pro-poor policies, substantial investment in human capital, and genuine economic diversification, the nation risks exacerbating social fragmentation. This paper ends with concrete recommendations designed to steer policymakers towards a more equitable and resilient economic future by seeking to move beyond rhetoric and actively deploy incentives and infrastructure to catalyze non-oil sectors. This includes modernizing agriculture through value-chain development, supporting light manufacturing with a focus on local content, and strategically investing in renewable energy to build the economy of the future.

Improving the Performance through Mental Health and Discipline of Indonesian Air Force Members

Fatkur Rohanwi — 2025-10-07

This study aims to analyze the influence of mental health, ability, and discipline on the performance of members at Adi Soemarmo Air Base in Solo. The background of this study is based on the importance of human resource quality in military organizations that demand simultaneous physical, psychological, and moral readiness. Optimal performance is not only determined by technical ability, but also by an individual's mental condition and level of discipline. This study uses a quantitative approach with a census method on the entire population of 87 members of the Adi Soemarmo Air Base. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS version 25.0. The results showed that simultaneously, the variables of mental health, ability, and discipline had a significant effect on member performance. Partially, these three variables also had a positive and significant effect on performance. Of the three independent variables, work discipline is the most dominant factor affecting performance, with the highest regression coefficient of 0.269. This finding confirms that discipline is a significant factor in shaping effective and efficient work behavior in a military environment. In addition, stable mental health enables members to work productively, manage stress, and contribute positively to the team and organization. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of strengthening mental coaching programs and continuous work discipline training to improve the professionalism and performance of Indonesian Air Force soldiers. This study also provides a theoretical contribution to the development of human resource management in military organizations by highlighting the synergy between psychological aspects, competence, and discipline as the main determinants of performance.

Stakeholder Involvement and Sustainability of Peace and Security Projects in Nakuru County, Kenya

V.C. Katam — 2025-10-07

Security issues in Kenya continue to present persistent challenges, with recurrent problems affecting multiple regions across the country. Despite the implementation of various projects and programs aimed at strengthening peace and security, many have struggled to sustain their impact over time. The limited continuity of these projects undermines the long-term stability and safety essential for lasting peace. It is within this context that the current study examined the effect of stakeholder involvement on the sustainability of peace and security projects in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study was grounded on the stakeholder theory. A descriptive research design was employed. The target population was the peace and security projects in Nakuru County. A structured questionnaire was used in data collection. In data analysis, descriptive statistical methods including means, percentages, and standard deviations were employed. Further, inferential techniques involving correlation and regression analyses were applied to establish the relationship between project management practices and sustainability of peace and security projects. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used for data analysis. Findings were presented through tables. The research findings revealed that stakeholder involvement (r = 0.541; p = 0.000) had a significant positive relationship with the sustainability of peace and security projects. The regression analysis further confirmed these results, with a coefficient of determination R² = 0.293, signifying that 29.3% of the variation in project sustainability was explained by the combined effects of the four project management practices. The study concludes that the sustainability of peace and security projects is determined by the degree to which they strengthen local ownership, build mutual trust, and remain responsive to changing community priorities. It further observes that when such projects are anchored in stakeholder involvement, they evolve beyond the confines of project implementation to become integral components of community systems. The study recommends re-envisioning peace projects as adaptive frameworks that advance through inclusivity, transparency, and shared accountability. It also recommends that project managers institutionalize reflective and learning-oriented practices to enhance adaptability, ensuring that peace and security projects remain relevant, resilient, and sustainable over time.

Transformation of Public Sector Behavioral Accounting: The Critical Role of HR in Preventing Financial Fraud Through Digitalization in Indonesia

Gaguk Apriyanto — 2025-10-07

This research explores changes in behavioral accounting in the public sector, focusing on the role of human resources in preventing financial fraud through digitalization. Information technology is expected to increase transparency and accountability, as well as reduce fraud. Analysis of challenges and training of human resources are key to improving the integrity and efficiency of public financial management in Indonesia. Explores the critical role of human resources in the transformation of behavioral accounting in the Indonesian public sector and analyzes how digitalization can contribute to financial fraud prevention. To improve the integrity and transparency of public financial management in Indonesia through the role of HR and digitalization to prevent financial fraud.

The research approach is a mixed method, namely quantitative and qualitative methods with an interpretivist paradigm. The participants in this study were leadership elements in regencies and cities in East Java (N = 38). The transformation of behavioral accounting in the public sector in Indonesia is significantly influenced by the active role of human resources (HR) in adopting digital technology. Research has identified that HR training and competency development are key factors in preventing financial fraud, as they can improve oversight capabilities and enable more transparent financial reporting. Furthermore, digitalization has proven effective in strengthening the accountability and efficiency of public financial management. These findings also underscore the importance of organizational support and policies that support digital transformation to achieve optimal results in preventing financial fraud. The practical implications of this research indicate that government agencies need to integrate human resource (HR) training and development into their digitalization strategies to enhance their oversight and financial fraud risk mitigation capabilities.

This research contribution develops a framework that links behavioral accounting transformation, the role of HR, and digitalization to prevent financial fraud and increase public financial transparency.

Building Basic Accounting Equations Based on Pancasila

Asa Adigrahita — 2025-10-07

This research is a real form and a concrete step in guarding the existence of Pancasila accounting which has been researched by previous researchers. In this research, an accounting equation based on Pancasila will be produced. Through the construction process, an understanding is based on the Pancasila philosophy of entity ownership theory. So it is hoped that it will grow into a comprehensive accounting science based on Pancasila. This research is critical research using Pancasila analysis tools, so basically there are two steps, namely technically and the researcher's objective relationship which is based on the Pancasila view. In the accounting concept based on Pancasila, accounting products must reflect Pancasila values. For example, there are Pancasila assets that reflect corporate social responsibility both on a large and small scale. This asset is also a form of Pancasila capital. Conventional accounting theory construction often fails to integrate ethical and moral values. However, by incorporating the Pancasila philosophy in accounting, we can reflect ethical and moral values ??through Pancasila assets and equity.